The ability of a system to cope with an external factor with the system bouncing back
To keep out an external factor from undermining the system.
Continuous change by a system in face of a disturbance. The system adjusts accordingly due to its experience.
The function of recovery undertaken by a system from adversity.
Factor outside of the system that undermines the system.
To preserve a particular system state in face of a disturbance.
The amount of disturbance a system can take in before a change occurs within the system.
Complex interaction of elements with these interactions specifying a particular relation between elements (von Bertalanffy 1950).
Complex interaction of elements that constitute the social and ecological systems together with their relations (adapted from von Bertalanffy 1950).
A potential for an event to occurr that causes damage. For example the potential for a flood to come, for an earthquake to strike, or for hurricane to form.
The ability to effectively manage or deal with an external factor via some mechanism (adapted from Oxford Dictionary 2006).